Radiology. Lonizing radiation Essay Example for Free

Radiology. Lonizing radiation Essay I. Introduction A.(Opening Device) I’m sure most of you in here have broken, fractured, or sprained something in your body before. And you had to take that dreadful trip to the ER after whatever crazy and or stupid thing you just did. Or it might even just been from you playing the sport you love. My favorite part of that trip is when they finally bring in the x-rays and you get to see the part of your body that should not look like it does in the picture. I’d love to share how some of the equipment they use to see these things work! B.(Thesis Statement) When I grow up, I want to be a radiologist. C.(Preview of Main Points) In order to help you understand more about what radiology is and how it’s used is so many different ways ill use 3 main points: first what radiologists actually do and devices they use; second, what the average salary of a radiologist is today; and third, diseases radiologists can help detect II. Body A. Radiologists are medical doctors that specialize in using x-rays and radioactive substances to diagnose bones and treat illnesses. 1.Some ways things wrong with your body are found.  a. According to Who is a Radiologist, posted on the website of Ranzcr.edu, accessed on September 12, 2013, many of the uses include: X-ray technology, computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, and nuclear medicine imaging. b.The difference between all these forms of radiology are some are used to detect broken bones, some used to detect muscles and stuff going on with your organs, and many other uses including seeing your baby for the first time. 2.Average salary of a radiologist. a.The average starting salary of a radiologist ranges from 50-80,000 dollars a year depending on your location confirmed by â€Å"Career of a Radiologist,† authored by Diane Turner, an MD, on salarysite.com, dated 2012. b. After 3 years of working as a radiologist, experts determined that the average salary then rises to $325 thousand a year. c.If you’re planning to get into this profession you have to majorly take location into consideration,  that’ll be the best way to make sure you’re making the most you can. New York has the highest paid radiologists in the country with the average being $454,710, and California is in second with $355,000. C. Diseases radiologists can help detect. 1. Cancer a. With there being many different forms of cancer ill just explain how a few are found. b.according to the website on cancer research Xrays- cartilage and bone cancer, ct scans- tumors, mris- brain cancer, pet scan(positron emission tomography) relatively new technology, only available in few hospitals in the uk right now, and they show how a particular part of your body is actually working not just what it looks like (basically ultrasound of body not just a picture) 2. Kidney Stones a. There are two main ways kidney stones can be detected b.They can use a ct scan that places the patient in an xray tube and creates several images of the kidneys and bladder or they can use a IVP or intravenous pyelogram which is where they inject a special dye into your veins and take images that will detect anything in the dye. III. Conclusion A.(Summary) Overall, Radiologists have to have a very wide spanned knowledge of the body and medical devices that are used. They are also one of the highest paid careers in the medical field today. B.(Closing Device) Radiologists without a doubt enjoy a high paying profession. Given the fact that they undergo thorough training in their educational level, this pay is worth it. The competition to be a radiologist in the US is majorly rising and the number of students pursuing this profession is also on the increase.

Causes and Effects of Teenage Smoking

Causes and Effects of Teenage Smoking INTRODUCTION We are all aware that teen smoking is becoming one of the most leading and real issue faced by many countries especially in the Philippines. For others, smoking is a kind of offense or a crime. But for the teens, this is just some sort of relaxation. Teens who start smoking as their habit can contribute their self in the increasing numbers of adult smokers in the future because young people are especially vulnerable to the pressure to start smoking. There are many reasons why young people smoke: lack of information about smoking; social pressure; peer pressure and many reasons to be discussed why youth choose to start smoking at their early ages. Smoking is found to be one of the causes of damage to nearly every organ system in the body. (The Effect of Smoking on Human Health, 2008). It is a major cause of heart attack and stroke. Smoking is a kind of addiction especially for teens where this habit is hard to break but it is their responsibility whether they will choose to continue o r to stop smoking. Although you may not think about the risks every time you smoke, smoking is not only dangerous; it is life-threatening. Teens must know what side effects smoking can bring to us. Thesis Statement Teen smoking is a hazard to life and it has become very common. Teen smokers and even the non smoker must realize the effects of smoking, the reasons why teenagers smoke and how well do we understand smoking. II. EFFECTS OF SMOKING This is what smoking affects your body. There’s no safe way to smoke, replacing your cigarette with cigar or pipe won’t help. Smoking affects you in many ways.( American Academy of Pediatrics,2010) Carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke takes oxygen from your body while many cancer-causing chemicals go in. Your teeth and nails turn yellow and disgusting and your breath stinks. You cannot taste or smell things very well. Nicotine, the main drug in tobacco, causes your heart to beat faster and work less effectively. Nicotine is highly addictive. Short-term and Long term Effects of Smoking Short-term effects of smoking includes: coughs, colds, bronchitis, pneumonia, and more frequent respiratory illnesses. Teens who exposed to second hand smoke has the possibility to have asthma, infections on the lower respiratory, rates of ear and eye infection are higher .This is why smokers often suffer shortness of breath and worrying coughs. They often tire quickly during physical activity. Long term effects of smoking includes cancer of the lungs and other part of the body and if smokers have wounds, it will not recover quickly compared to non-smokers and it also affect the immune system which help us to protect form different diseases. Can smoking affect our vision? Smoking is not only bad for our body it is also bad for our eyes because smoking can lead to different eye infections. Smoking is linked to increase the hazard of having eye blindness and people who smoke have double the risk of developing cataracts compared with non-smokers. The effects of cigarette smoking like heart disease, cancer, are very familiar but many of us don’t know that sight threatening vision and eye problems also exist. Quitting smoking is an effective way to lessen the different possible eye diseases you may occur. How Cigarettes cause cancer? The different substances in cigarettes can lead to many problems and especially can lead you to your death. When you inhale smoke, these chemicals enter your lungs and spread around the rest of your body. Smoking causes lung cancer. Lung cancer has one of the lowest survival rates of all cancers, and is the most common cause of cancer death. The good news is that, this health problem is preventable, by giving up smoking quickly. Smoking can also increase the risk of other cancers including cancers of thelarynx, esophagus, mouth, stomach, sinus and many more. Some of these cancers may lead to leukemia which will cause to death. It is also possible that smoking could increase the risk of breast cancer both in men and women, but whatever cancer you will have because of smoking, there’s still a chance or way to stop the risk of cancer in your body by giving up smoking, it’s the only way on how you can prevent of having cancers. How smokings affect our throat? Throat is also affected if you smoke. Heart disease, respiratory failure, lung cancer and throat cancer are equally dangerous. By exposing the larynx to the chemicals during inhalation will increase the risk of having throat cancer. Larynx is where the vocal cord is located which plays an important role in breathing, eating and speaking. Hoarseness of voice as well as difficulty in speaking, breathing and eating is an early symptom of throat cancer but you can immediately cure this if you stop cigarette smoking. Do all teenagers know the effects of smoking? Maybe they know or not or they just neglect it. Other teenagers are not educated well like the teens that came from a poor family or unable to go to school. They just know that if they smoke too much that is the time that will affect its body but they don’t know that every piece of cigarettes they smoke have the chemicals that affect its body and brain. These chemicals can cause immediate damage to the human body. Smoking is awful Teens who smoke are three times more likely than non smokers to use alcohol. Most teens would rather choose to have friends who do not smoke. You may not feel or smell smoke on you, but people who are with you can smell it. Kissing someone who smokes is like kissing an ashtray If you smoke, chances are people don’t want to be around you REASON WHY TEENS START SMOKING As we all known, smoking is perilous to our health. Smoking can cause cancers of the lungs, larynx, kidneys as well as death. Many teen smokers knows what’s the effect of smoking but why they keep smoking? There are several reasons why teens continue smoking in spite of imminence to their health. The main reason of teen smoking is the Peer Influence. They smoke because their friends do as it give them a sense of belonging, many adult smokers start smoking in their teenage days. Friends are with you whether you are in ups or down of your life. But, we must know who to friends too. Because friends can make our life happier but sometimes they become a bad influence to your lifestyle. Some teens can’t just say no to their friends. As a teenager we must learn how to say no to prevent scuffle of priorities and sometimes to prevent bad habits. Family Problems is another reason, not all teenagers came from a happy or stable family. Some teenagers are abused by their parents or parents who are separated or it’s either the both of them who has the problem that cause its broken family. Because of the problems at Home, teenagers may start smoking as a sign of resentment. They want to show to their parents that they are rebelling because of them, so they start smoking. Parents can influence their child to start smoking. in the way that their child see them smokes. Their child or teens may think that smoking is a good habit or a sign of being mature because their parents do. Parents should teach their child good habits but as their child see their bad habits; it is possible for the parents to have their child with a bad habit too. Boredom and Image. Boredom might be the reason why teenagers will start smoke because not all teenagers are involved on any sports or any organizations in their schools. That’s why they get bored at home and nothing else to do but to watch television, taking care of their siblings or go online and playing computer games. Because of this everyday’s piece of work they decided to do something new that will excites them. Smoking seems to be the answer. Because some teens think that if they smoke they will appear cool for others. They believe that it improves their self-image because nowadays to have a cool self image to others is important for many teenagers. And lastly, Stress. Stress is said to be one of the reasons why teens start smoking, it only means that teens think smoking can release stress and can relieved their weariness. That’s why the more teens feel stressed the longer they will smoke. Compared to non-smokers, smokers have higher levels of stress in life. Therefore, it is necessary to quit smoking to avoid some health issues that can arise from stress and fret. UNDERSTANDING SMOKING What I would like to do in this article is help us, as a teenager, to understand why so many teenagers start smoking. If we understand why teenagers start smoking, chances are we will not smoke. This research will provide us enough information that will enable teen smokers to discourage in using cigarette. Also, the result of this study will educate readers and enlighten the information about the negative effects of smoking to our health. According to Ginzel, M.D.(2003), each time you take a puff on a cigarette, you inhale 400 toxic chemicals like Nicotine (A drop of pure nicotine can kill.) Cyanide (a deadly poison) Benzene (used in making paints, dyes, and plastics) Formaldehyde (used to preserve dead bodies) Acetylene (fuel used in torches) and Ammonia (used in fertilizers) People around smokers (Second hand smoke) Second hand smokes is define as the smoke breathe out by a smoker, which inhale by a non smoker. Even if you don’t smoke, second hand smoke can also affect a non smoker health just by inhaling this kind of smoke. Smokers can implicate non smoker’s health just by being around them. Furthermore, the more you are around smoker the higher instance of having smoking-related disease. Second hand smoke affects the health as you inhale them, it means this smoke doesn’t just impact e teenager’s life in the near future in fact; it can affect the health right now. For example, a healthy child having his/her singing career who inhales second hand smoke could have nagging coughs and colds as nuisance for him/her. There are many reasons of smoking but effects of smoking to humans are the same which is to damage every organ in the body. Third Hand Smoke You may not see nor feel it, but smoke clings to hair, walls, beddings, carpets, dust, hair, skin, and furniture which is called third hand smoke. Even if you do not smoke, third hand smoke is also dangerous because it could be responsible for many health problems, including asthma attacks and allergic reactions. Third hand smoke cant be eliminated just by opening windows, using fans or air conditioners, removing dampness from rooms or constraining smoking to only certain areas of a home. The only way to protect non smokers from third hand smoke is to create a smoke-free environment or smoke in public places where people are far away from you. Population of Teen Smokers Teen smoking cigarettes a hazard to life have become very common. The number of teen smokers is getting larger and larger every day just because smoking becomes a growing trend in the youth community. Smoking has many short term or long term effects on its users. Many adult smokers start while they are still teens and still continue and decided not to stop it. Smoking is a very addictive habit especially for the teens, there’s no other way to prevent these harmful effects but to stop cigarette smoking. Teen Smoking -some facts Cigarette smoking is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced. (World Health Organization, 2014) Teen smokers are more likely to have panic attacks, anxiety disorders and depression. 1 of 5 teenagers who are addicted to cigarettes smokes 13-15 a day. 90 percent of smokers began before the age 21. Smoking can age skin faster, second only to the effect sun exposure has on giving premature wrinkles On average, smokers die 13 to 14 years earlier than non smokers. Benefits of quitting smoking for teenagers Quitting smoking can be a very big help to your lifestyle and especially to your health. As a teenager you still have a time to quit smoking, for you to gain your healthy lifestyle again. The sooner you quit smoking, the more you have the confidence that the risk of getting cancer will be lessened or if you have some serious diseases it is possible that it will heal faster because of quitting smoking. You are no longer prone to smoking- related disease if you stop smoking and if this happen you will enjoy your life without worrying and you will have more time for your loved ones. Maybe 2 in 3 teen smokers want to stop smoking because of the problems they have right now. Some people can’t give up easily; the most important aspect on giving up smoking is determination. At the end, you’re the only one who will decide whether you will stop smoking or not because it is your own body who will experience different illnesses. For teen smokers, it is important to remember some things that will help them hamper their bad habits. Maintaining to have a good health of your family, friends and loved ones are the best motivator for you to quit smoking. Here are some health benefits when you quit smoking: It will helps you breathe easier Quitting smoking will make your lifespan longer Ex-smokers is possible to have wither teeth Sense of smell and taste will improve if you stop smoking Stop smoking for younger and healthy skin Stop smoking to have more energy for your work, sports, friends and other activities. Quitting smoking to protect your loved ones from third hand and second hand smoke Conclusion Teen smoking is a hazard to life and it has become very common. Smoking can affect not only a smoker’s health even the non-smoker around him/her. Non smoker are suffering from different illnesses like nose and eye infections, coughs, colds and headaches. It is because of second hand smoke they inhale, even if teen smokers think that smoking can relieved stress and perceived that it helps them to relax, they don’t know that many chemicals from cigarettes are coming inside to their body, there are many negative effects of smoking which can cause damage to your health and it is not only a health threat for the smokers, but for the non smoker too. Smoking distracts many people and it’s because of their unhealthy habits. Smokers should quit, stopping the increasing numbers of smoker and for us to have a healthy environment. References Unknown. (2014). Youth Smoking. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_smoking Unknown. (2014). Health Effects of Tobacco. Retrieved from From http://www.tobaccofreemaine.org/channels/parents/learn_more_about_health_effects.php Anonymous. (2010). Tobacco Smoking. Retrieved from http://eschooltoday.com/drug-abuse-and-teens/teens-and-tobacco-smoking.html Anonymous. (2010). Tean Smoking. Retrieved from http://www.newportacademy.com/health-and-well-being/teen-smoking/ Unknown. (2014) Effects of Smoking Retrieved from http://www.champixonlineuk.com/effects-of-smoking.html Hyde, M. O., Setaro, J. F. (2006). Smoking 101: An overview for Teen. New York, NY: Twenty-First Century Books McMillan, D. (1998). Teen Smoking: Understanding the Risk. San Francisco, CA: Enslow Moe, B. A. (2000). Teen Smoking and Tobacco Use: A Hot Issue. Pennyslavania, PA: Enslow Slovic, P. (2001). Smoking risk, perception, and policy. New York, NY: SAGE Publications Torr, J. D. (2001) Smoking. New York, NY: Greenhaven Press

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Issues

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Issues The vast majority of patients seeking treatment for an eating disorder do not meet full DSM criteria. What are the implications for diagnosis and treatment of eating disorders? What are the broader implications for categorical versus dimensional perspectives on the diagnosis of mental illness? The American Psychiatric Association’s (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a handbook of written guidelines that primarily focuses on the classification of mental disorders rather than the mental disorders itself. It is used in the prevention, management and assessment of a patient’s mental state. Aside from this, it is also serves to provide as a common ground for researchers to work on, to study the criteria to further improve it for future DSM revisions. In clinical practice and research, the DSM’s role is facilitated by its classification system; usually either categorical or dimensional in approach (4th ed., text rev.; DSM–IV–TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000; Kraemer, 2007). The categorical approach is the assessment of either a positive or negative diagnosis based on a strict set of standardised criteria. Conversely, the dimensional approach is a more relaxed approach than the categorical, where it in volves the classification of mental disorders by quantifying a person’s symptom and representing them with numerical values on one or more scales. It concerns the degree of presence of the mental disorder apparent within the patient, rather than the actual presence; that is, how much of the criteria does the patient correspond with. The higher the scores on the scores of the scales the more likelihood the patient has the disorder. For instance, higher scores on the Hamilton Depression scale, a seven point Likert scale, will indicate a higher chance the patient is depressed (Brown Barlow, 2005). As recognised by Brown and Barlow, there is a potential positive implication of adopting a DSM with an increasingly dimensional approach. However, there is a continual debate regarding the categorical and dimensional perspectives of diagnosis. This is especially present with the richly dimensional oriented DSM-V (5th ed.; DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Machado, Goncalves Hoek, 2013; Regier, Kuhl, Kupfer, 2013). Throughout this paper, the broad implications of this continual debate will be discussed, following by the investigation of the implications for patients who do not meet the full DSM Eating Disorder criteria. A patient has a higher chance of being diagnosed with depression  if they score higher a patient scores on the Hamilton Depression scale, a seven point Likert scale, the higher the likelihood they are depressed (Brown Barlow, 2005). Throughout the various version of the DSM, its use the categorical approach requires the acknowledgement that there are heterogeneous factors among disorder populations that are not within the diagnosis (4th ed., text rev.; DSM–IV–TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000). As a result of this, there are high levels of co-morbid positive diagnoses – 79% of lifetime mental disorders are observed in people with at least one diagnosed mental disorder (Kessler, Chiu, Delmer Walters, 1994; Krueger, Bezdjian, 2009). From this, an implication of a categorical approach can be deduced; that is, positively diagnosed patients should be assigned standardised treatments that are not necessarily aimed at only treating them due to heterogeneous factors such as co-morbidity. The dimensional approach, however, utilises more clinical information about the heterogeneous factors that are present in patients (Brown Barlow, 2005). The implication formed here for the dimensional ap proach would be assignment of various appropriate treatments that would be deemed most effective for the respective patient, as there is sufficient clinical information regarding the patient’s varying dimensions. Additionally, with regards to the categorical approach, the lack of presence of a single criterion for a particular mental disorder in the DSM can ultimately determine a positive or negative diagnosis. Consequently, the forms large residual undefined categories, such as the Eating Disoder – Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS) category, where it is a category aimed for patients who do not meet the full criteria for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder (that was introduced in the DSM-V) (5th ed.; DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Machado, Goncalves Hoek, 2013). Due to the nature of the dimensional approach, quantifying dimensions of disorders, it will help reduce the formation of large residual categories, thus, can be seen as an implication of the dimensional approach (Brown Barlow, 2005). Hence, patients have less of chance being diagnosed into the residual category of mental disorder under a classification system that priorities the rec ognition of presenting criterion, even though they do not satisfy the fixed diagnostic criteria of a categorical classification approach. The dimensional approach makes use of one or more scales to measure particular dimensions of various mental disorders. This can be seen as a potential positive implication for clinical practice and research (Lopez, Compton, Grant Breiling 2007). Initially, Kraemer (2007) found that the categorical approach is most beneficial to clinical practitioners, whilst the dimensional approach is most beneficial to researchers. However, Lopez et al. (2007) came to realise that clinical practitioners would also come to benefit from the growing popularity of dimensional orientation, since the changes in severity of a mental disorder and its dimensions could be quantitatively measured by fluctuations in multi-ordinal scales. Hence, proving to be more informative than measuring responses to interventions by comparing the fluctuations between the borderlines of a positive and negatives diagnosis, as in a categorical approach. Moreover, this implication relates to how an improvement of research outcomes would be apparent through the adoption of a increasingly dimensional approach. Unfortunately, there are many associated negative implications of adopting a more dimensional approached, which are apparent with the difficulties of changing an existing classification system (First, 2005). With the increase popularity of the use of the dimensional approach, similar to the direction and development of research of the DSM-V, there would be an apparent difficulty in merging past and present research to reach conclusions about present studies (First, 2005; Reiger, Kuhl Kupfer, 2013; 5th ed.; DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Moreover, issues will arise in the clinical use of the DSM, resulting practitioners to revise their diagnoses of existing patients as well as their practice with new patients. Lopez et al. (2007) also outlined a complication of the diagnostic criteria of earlier DSMs, where most were in favour of the dimensional approach, will be present as there will be a varying abilities of different psychiatric disorders to be measured dim ensionally. They highlighted this with comparison between dimensional approach adapted to psychoses obtained from a scarce literature and a dimensional approach for substance use disorder obtained from a supportive literature. Thus, concluding that the shift from categorical classifications approaches to dimensional approaches will be difficult in the future. The implications of categorical approaches of diagnosing mental disorders are evident through the concern with the diagnoses of eating disorders. One of these implications is the large residual EDNOS category. The majority of individuals who seek treatment for eating disorders are diagnosed with EDNOS. Due to the strict nature of the criteria of eating disorders, patients being negatively diagnosed due to not fulfilling the criteria; only having partial eating disorders like partial anorexia nervosa and partial bulimia nervosa, resulting an increase in the EDNOS category. The implication here would be a demand for treatment from an excessively heterogeneous population diagnosed with EDNOS. However, practitioners are at risk in having no solution or intervention to use, due to the EDNOS category lacking homogenous characteristics which are required to determine research-based effective treatments.

The Merchant Of Venice :: Free Merchant of Venice Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When William Shakespear wrote, The merchant Of Venice, he made a female character that has a huge influence on the play. In most of his work, the women don’t have much power and are not very smart. In the Merchant Of Venice, Portia is a woman that saves the life of a man using her head. Another woman created by Shakespear that is a lot alike with Portia is Beatrice, from Much Ado about Nothing. Both of these ladies add to the main theme of the plays because of their brains, and smart remarks, as well as being careing. The Women share many qualities as well as differences. Portia seems to Be one of Shakespear’s greatest Characters Because of her great looks and intelligence her high moral seriousness plays a role in her character as well. Portia is known throughout the world because of her amazing qualities. She seems to be able to handle any situation with her wit. In Most of Shakespear’s plays the women are made to be less then the men. In the Fourth act after Portia has saved the life of Antonio, She uses her wit just as Beatrice would she says, â€Å" I see sir, you are liberal in offers. You taught me first to beg...† . Portia is thought of as an angel having no flaws, which you can tell when Bassanio describes her to Antonio and says, â€Å" In Belmont is a lady richly left, and she is fair and fairer the that word, of wonderous virtues. Nor is the wide world ignorant of her worth, For the four winds blow in from every coast, renowned suitors , and her sunny locks hang hang on her temples like a golden fleece, which makes her seat of Belmont Colchis’ strond and many Jasons come in quest of her.† Portia is basically the perfect renaissance lady. She is not ambitious, she is restrictive . She is way modest, She does not hold herself above others. Her generosity makes her want to have more wealth, so that she can help out more amongst the people she cares about. Besides saving the life of Antonio, portia is also used to have the theme of deceptive appearances. Throughout the play, Shakespear uses his characters from the play to show the audience or reader that a character cannot be judged by how the appear to the eye, and the person can truley be something different inside. So basically what it is saying is

Linux Versus Windows NT Essay -- essays research papers

Comparing any network operating system is really like comparing an apple to an orange. To judge between the underlying functionality of each operating system geared towards different networking environments is too broad of a subject to come to a reasonable conclusion. However, one could argue about the advantages and disadvantages pertaining to the Unix based Linux operating system and the infamous Windows NT operating system. I can compare and contrast these two operating systems, but I can’t take a strong stand because it all depends on a number of situations including the different networking environments, the applications that are readily available, and most important what the user wants. The goal is to find out which of these two operating systems is the lesser of two evils by examining their features. I have decided not to discuss cost because it goes without saying: Linux wins the price to performance ratio. What is more important to discuss is the initial hardware and software fees, and maintenance and reliability which often go hand in hand. According to Sunworld, the estimated minimal required hardware costs that would go with a Linux machine is $200. In an NT machine, the minimal hardware cost rose up to $1300. This is because NT requires at least a 486 Pentium with 16MB of RAM. Linux can run fine on a 386 computer with only 8MB of RAM. What do the majority of users need a computer for? Mainly word processing and the use of a database program. An NT user doesn’t have to go with Microsoft Office, but a lot of people do, costing a couple hundred dollars. Linux can run an Office Suite program that is very similar to Office for at least half the cost. Even a free version of WordPerfect 8 is available for Linux. A Linux system comes with a range of development tools (C/C++ Compiler, Perl, Tcl/Tk, Python, CORBA, Ada, Pascal, Lisp, REXX, Java, etc., as well as many text editors and integrated development environments), all of which are free. In order to create software under Linux, there is no expensive package to buy. Many NT users complain about system crashes or the dreaded “blue screen of death.'; NT systems face a lot of down times, which creates a problem for mission critical situations. It is very frustrating to be working on something for a couple of hours and see it vanish or crash. Unix based systems have experie... ...n that path. NT, however, does not provide the source code; therefore, limiting the user to only Microsoft’s networking and programming solutions. The creator of Linux, Linus Torvalds, developed this operating system using past versions of Unix strengths, and avoiding the weaknesses and flaws that have been created for more than 30 years. Linus also got help from would be programmers from all over, many being hackers, to create this sophisticated operating system. Having a wide variety of help and feedback supports the integration of a system that can satisfy most users. NT, on the other hand, is developed by their own team, not taking much consideration to what consumers really want to see. Although this report isn’t very cohesive to intervene between each subject, I think it provides grounds to see clearly how well Linux presents itself over NT. Although Linux is still in its primitive stages, the mark it has put in this world is quite remarkable. These early version of Linux provides a stepping stone for later versions to come, and possibly dominate the market when executives and upper level managers alike come to see that Linux is a great industry solution.

Physical and Chemical Properties Essay

Did you observer any chemical changes in this experiment? Yes What evidence did you use to decide that something was a chemical change? I observed during the application of the hydrochloric acid to some of the substances bubbling, and smoking Give at least two examples of chemical changes you observed. Green changed from blue to application of HCL to Mg smoking and bubbling and CuCO3 Classify the following properties of sodium metal as physical or chemical: †¢ Silver metallic color: Physical †¢ Turns gray in air: Chemical †¢ Melts at 98oC: Physical †¢ Reacts explosively with chlorine gas: Chemical Classify the following changes as physical or chemical: †¢ Water freezes at 0oC: Physical †¢ Baking soda when combined with vinegar produces bubbles: Chemical †¢ Mothballs gradually disappear at room temperature: Physical †¢ Ice cubes in a freezer get smaller with time: Physical †¢ Baking soda loses mass as it is heated: Chemical †¢ Tarnishing of silver: Chemical How would you show that dissolving table salt is a physical change? Because the salt doesn’t change to something else, it stays salt. Boil the water and the salt will still be there, not something else. Cleanup: Mix the leftover sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid in your beaker. This will neutralize them. Now, pour them down the drain with lots of water. Place the small amount of solid chemicals left (if any) in a small plastic bag and put it in the trash. After the burner fuel has completely cooled, screw the cap on tightly and store it in your LabPaq.

Job: the Story and It’s Meaning

LIBERTY UNIVERSITY RESEARCH PAPER JOB: THE STORY, GOD’S RESPONSE, & ITS MESSAGE A PAPER SUBMITTED TO PROFESSOR WAYNE POPLIN IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COURSE OBST 592 LIBERTY BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY BY DAN S. LESLIE STUDENT ID: 3675885 LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA 14 AUG 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS: INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ III THE STORY OF JOB†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. III GOD’S RESPONSE IN JOB 38–42†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ VI THE MESSAGE TO BE LEARNED†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦VII A THOUGHT IN CLOSING †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. X BIBLIOGRAPHY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. XII INTRODUCTION Man is born to sin; expect no release of it in this battle we call life. A clear example of one man’s struggle stands out among the rest. Setting aside the human condition of sin, Job stood as a supreme being still only being a man; who in spite of his troubles, questioning, and doubts, held fast in his devotion and love to God. In the end, Job is vindicated for his faith and devotion. Within this brief paper I will attempt to tell of Job’s story and its meaningful example to be followed by us all. As devote Christians our trails and sufferings should be viewed, as seen in Job's experience, as a witness not only to God's sovereignty but also as a witness to His goodness, justice, grace, and love to the secular world which awaits our fall. Let us now turn to the book of Job, always remembering that sometimes the lesson to be learned is much easier heard, than it is to actually bear. THE STORY OF JOB â€Å"Have you considered my servant Job? † was the questioned asked of Satan by God. (Job 1:8) This triggers a book of over forty chapters of a man’s suffering and his reactions at the hands of his God. The story of Job basically falls into three tests and then God’s answer to Job’s cries. The summation of the first two tests came at the hands of Satan and his challenge to God. Job had lost everything, his oxen, his asses, his sheep, his camels, and even his children, yet he did not do what Satan had predicted he would. Job stood fast in his belief and faith in God. He did not curse or renounce God, but bowed before the will of God, and said, what we all hope can be said in such circumstances of sorrow and loss, â€Å"Naked I came from my mother’s womb, and naked I will depart. The LORD gave and the LORD has taken away;   Ã‚  Ã‚  may the name of the LORD be praised. †(Job 1:21) By doing this, Job only angered Satan, which in turn made him want to disprove Job’s faith that much more. So he went to God once again and said, â€Å"â€Å"Skin for skin! † Satan replied. â€Å"A man will give all he has for his own life. 5 but now stretch out your hand and strike his flesh and bones, and he will surely curse you to your face. † (Job 2:4) It was Satan’s plea that losing all of his possessions was not enough, but to take Job’s health and leave him in pain would show that Job would no longer believe, which leads s to the second test. Job was covered from head to toe with painful boils and disease that included, inflamed ulcerous boils (2:7), itching (2:8), degenerative changes in facial skin (2:7, 12), loss of appetite (3:24), insomnia (7:4), hardened skin, running sores, worms in the boils (7:5), difficulty breathing (9:18 ), loss of weight (16:8), eye difficulties (16:16), emaciation (17:7; 19:20), bad breath (19:17), trembling of the limbs (21:6), continual pain in the bones (30:17), restlessness (30:27), blackened, peeling skin (30:28, 30), and fever (30:30). As Job sat atop a pile of dung outside the city his wife begged him to renounce his faith as he scrapped at the sores covering his body. Job’s answer was pure in heart, â€Å"You talk like a foolish woman. Should we accept only good things from the hand of God and never anything bad? † (Job 2:10) At this Satan fades out but instead is replaced by another challenge in the form of friendship. Jobs suffer rejection from those closest to him by the tongue and those who do not show when he is in most need. In Job’s three friends Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar we find that they come to mourn with him and comfort him. Though I truly believe that in the beginning they were true in heart with their intentions, they eventually turn to the condemnation of their friend. They come to this by having a basic fundamental belief that all suffering is a result of sin, and that Jobs’ suffering was so great due to his sinful nature and that he was hiding it. We can hear Eliphaz, the Temanite as he proclaims, â€Å"5Your sin prompts your mouth;  you adopt the tongue of the crafty. 6 Your own mouth condemns you, not mine;  your own lips testify against you. † (Job 15:5-6) Job shows that after all, he is still only a man when he comes to the point of him questioning God Himself. Job grows sarcastic, impatient, and afraid; he points to the injustice that God lets wicked people prosper while he and countless innocent people are left to suffer. In this, Job is confronting God in complaint, but he never curses God nor renounces him. Nor were his questions to shield himself from his moral responsibilities, but they were more genuinely from a perplexed confusion in the dealings at hand. If we choose to ignore Job's questions as to â€Å"why? † (Job 3:11, 12,20; 10:18; 13:24; 24:1) in his search for God's answer, it would be nothing less han to ignore many basic issues of life’s struggles that everyone of us must face. Job was a real person, just as we are, with struggles of emotions and feelings. With this another character is prompted to appear as God’s forerunner (Elihu). Elihu very quickly dismisses Job’s friends and points out that Job has spent too much time in defense to himself and in question to God. Elihu sees this as an act of open rebellion. Elihu further explains that God communicates through trials, so that in times of rewarding we see the realization of God’s love. 24 and he is gracious to that person and says to God, ‘Spare them from going down to the pit; I have found a ransom for them† (Job 33:24) Our next step in the story is within the discussion between Job and our Father, but that in itself leads us to the next portion of the paper. GOD’S & JOB’S RESPONSE 38–42 A pure voice comes out of the whirlwind setting aside Job’s condemners and answering Job with questions. They come in the form in the majesty of God as Creator and Ruler of the Universe; where was he when the foundations of the earth were laid, when the morning stars sang together, and when all the sons of God shouted for joy. Job 38:4-7) Through this Father God establishes his greatness in all creation itself, and exposes to Job the limitations of his earthly knowledge. What we need to tak e into account before this, is that the preceding verses in the Book of Job lead us in the exchange with his friends and all of their reams of rhetoric about God. His three friends believed that Job should not protest his innocence but rather confess for his sins. Their words truly did little too nothing to comfort Job. In the end, when Job and his so called wise friends finally finished in their critique of it all†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. God spoke. (Job 38:2-4) When this happened Job acknowledged that he had not truly known God in His omnipotence. It took God’s revelation of Himself to Job, in the eye of the storm for Job to recognize his Master personally. Job now knew God in a more intimate way; he was given a new awareness of God, with a deeper insight into His character and attributes. (Job 42:1-6) We see in Job 42:7-9 that he is interceding before God. Job’s three friends were doing as the Lord instructed; with no argument or reluctance they followed through on His divine orders. Instead of being as most would, with bitterness or revenge, Job amiably interceded for each one of his friends who had spoken falsely about both him and God. Job had forgiven those who had persecuted him when he most needed their love and support. â€Å"7 After the LORD had said these things to Job, he said to Eliphaz the Temanite, â€Å"I am angry with you and your two friends, because you have not spoken the truth about me, as my servant Job has. 8 So now take seven bulls and seven rams and go to my servant Job and sacrifice a burnt offering for yourselves. My servant Job will pray for you, and I will accept his prayer and not deal with you according to your folly. You have not spoken the truth about me, as my servant Job has. † 9 So Eliphaz the Temanite, Bildad the Shuhite and Zophar the Naamathite did what the LORD told them; and the LORD accepted Job’s prayer. † In this final plea in prayer†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. for his friends, after enduring unthinkable losses, through endless pain, stretched to days and weeks of misperception and desolation, the condemnation of himself and his friends, came to an end. Our Lord restored Job’s wealth and friends. (Job 42:10-12) In a summation of the section an important function of the remarkable ending to this book is to show the reality that not all suffering is the direct result of the suffering individual’s sins. The book of Job contests retribution theology. It teaches us that we don't get punished on an individual basis for what we do but instead that all humanity gets punished for what all humanity does. That through it all Job came to see the point of this, and in this realization he humbled himself and repented for his lack of faith and submission, but even more so for the lack of humility in the acceptance for the actions of God. The lessons in suffering may be mysterious, but it need not give us challenge in our faith, nor should they rob us of our faith in our sovereign, loving God. THE MESSAGE TO BE LEARNED What lessons should we take from the book? Like in life, there are trails to stand before and face, that material goods are only that, material and can be taken away with something as little as the change of weather. As Christians we have an obligation to examine our motivation in life as well as in coming to and serving God, especially during times of trial and suffering. The book of Job teaches and gives exampled hope in that man has it in him to make his life an un-bought loyalty to the Father; in this we have purpose and meaning. It is of no doubt that our Father will find the nature of our hearts and in doing so to confess uncommitted sin in the face of adversity can be as much a foolish act as in not confessing of it when it is due. The message is that God is too abundant to be explained, debated about, or for our human minds to try to analyze. God can do all things. Nothing is too hard for him. All things are possible with Him. God is omnipotent, all-powerful. Our Father is to be followed and trusted, we are to have total faith in Him. We are to be even as Job. â€Å"15 Though he slay me, yet will I hope in him†¦.. † (13:15) God was not required nor did He address Job's suffering directly, even in Job’s challenge to the questioning of His justice, did he defend His actions? God taught Job the error in assuming that the universe operated according to the principles of human rationale. What the book of Job reveals to us is the sovereignty and freedom of God, whatever please God, He does, and not one thing can be said or done to make things different. As James reminded us, â€Å"11 As you know, we count as blessed those who have persevered. You have heard of Job’s perseverance and have seen what the Lord finally brought about. The Lord is full of compassion and mercy. †The needed underlying purpose of our Father in our lives should be seen as to produce and hold high the spiritual rewards and developed moral qualities. Our Christian faith teaches us that all who love God and stand the trails of both life and time will be rewarded in the end. God seeks a balance of our freedom in creation, not just straight application retribution. This grants us His tolerance and Grace; it is the promise in true Christian faith for those that earnestly seek him, will be held high and rewarded, though He chooses the time and place. A THOUGHT IN CLOSING Job shows us while God is just, it is wrong for us to adopt that our fallen world, under the influence and evil plans of Satan, is fair. The failure of customary wisdom to answer Job's complaints reveals that the world operates by the plan of our Father’s fallen son, and only by taking up a personal relationship with God can we as fallen humanity find meaning and purpose within the injustices of this world. We should accept the fact that our own understanding of it all is very imperfect. We are not required to justify God, as Job’s friends attempt to do. Any such attempt to defend our Savior in His actions would really imply us passing judgment on Him. This is not only an impossibility, but also would be impudence. As Job did, we also only need to acknowledge man's limitations in ourselves and have faith in Him. Job is a book that has left us a manifold of instruction; it is profitable for doctrine, a tool to be reproofed, not for correction, but for new understanding for instruction in righteousness. (2 Tim. :16) Bibliography: William Lasor, David Hubbard, Frederic Bush; Old Testament Survey (Eerdmans Publishing, Grand Rapids, Mi. 1996) The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (provided by SearchGodsWord. org): http://www. searchgodsword. org/enc/isb/view. cgi? number=T5075 http://www. searchgodsword. org/enc/isb/view. cgi? number=T5076 http://www. searchgodsword. org/enc/i sb/view. cgi? number=T607 Charles Flowers, Stephen M. Miller, Thomas L. Robinson; Who’s Who in the Bible (Reader’s Digest, Pleasantville, NY. 1994) Bible Encyclopedia, Dictionary and Index (Easton's Bible Dictionary):http://www. iblicalproportions. com/modules/wfsection/article. php? articleid=2637 http://www. biblicalproportions. com/modules/wfsection/article. php? articleid=2639 Larry J. Walters; Reflections on Suffering from the Book of Job (Bibliotheca Sara 154, Dallas Theological Seminary, Oct. -Dec. 1997): 436-51 Greg W. Parsons; Guidelines for Understanding ; Proclaiming the Book of Job (Bibliotheca Sara 151, Dallas Theological Seminary, Oct. -Dec. 1994): 393-413 James E. Patrick; The Fourfold Structure of Job: Variations on a Theme (American Theological Library Association, Cambridge, UK): 185-206 Bernard Ehrlich; The Book of Job as a Book of Morality (Jewish Bible Quarterly, Vol. 34, No. 1, 2006): 30-38 David Shepherd; Strike his bone and his flesh: Reading Job from the Beginning (Sage Publications, L. a. , Ca. 2008): 81-97 Alec Basson; Just Skin and Bones: The Longing for Wholeness of the Body in the Book of Job ( American Theological Library Association, Vetus Testamentum Vol. 58, 2008): 287-99 Larry J. Walters; Missio Dehn the Book of Job (American Theological Library Association, Bibliotheca Sara 166, Dallas Theological Seminary, Jan. -Mar. 2009): 19-35 Clarence E. Macartney; The Greatest Men of the Bible (Abingdon-Cokesbury Press, NY) ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Walters Larry J. ; Missio Dehn the Book of Job (American Theological Library Association, Bibliotheca Sara 166, Dallas Theological Seminary, Jan. -Mar. 2009) p. 19 [ 2 ]. Lasor, Hubbard, Bush; Old Testament Survey (Eerdmans Publishing, Grand Rapids, Mi. 1996) p. 471 [ 3 ]. Flowers, Miller, Robinson; Who’s Who in the Bible (Reader’s Digest, Pleasantville, NY. 1994) p. 229 [ 4 ]. Walters Larry J. ; Missio Dehn the Book of Job (American Theological Library Association, Bibliotheca Sara 166, Dallas Theological Seminary, Jan. Mar. 2009) p. 23 [ 5 ]. Walters, Larry J. ; Missio Dehn the Book of Job (American Theological Library Association, Bibliotheca Sara 166, Dallas Theological Seminary, Jan. -Mar. 2009) p. 24 [ 6 ]. Basson, Alec; Just Skin and Bones: The Longing for Wholeness of the Body in the Book of Job (American Theological Library Association, Vetus Testamentum Vol. 58, 2008) p. 293 [ 7 ]. Lasor, Hubbard, Bush; Old Testament Survey (Eerdmans Publishing, Grand Rapids, Mi. 1996) p. 327 [ 8 ]. Parsons, Greg W. ; Guidelines for Understanding & Proclaiming the Book of Job (Bibliotheca Sara 151, Dallas Theological Seminary, Oct. -Dec. 994) p. 394 [ 9 ]. Ibid, p. 397 [ 10 ]. Lasor, Hubbard, Bush; Old Testament Survey (Eerdmans Publishing, Grand Rapids, Mi. 1996) p. 485 [ 11 ]. Ehrlich, Bernard; The Book of Job as a Book of Morality (Jewish Bible Quarterly, Vol. 34, No. 1, 2006) p. 32-33 [ 12 ]. Flowers, Miller, Robinson; Who’s Who in the Bible (Reader’s Digest, Pleasantville, NY. 1994) p. 229 [ 13 ]. Parsons, Greg W. ; Guidelines for Understanding & Proclaiming the Book of Job (Bibliotheca Sara 151, Dallas Theological Seminary, Oct. -Dec. 1994) p. 397-98 [ 14 ]. Ehrlich, Bernard; The Book of Job as a Book of Morality (Jewish Bible Quarterly, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2006) p. 34 [ 15 ]. Walters,Larry J. ; Reflections on Suffering from the Book of Job (Bibliotheca Sara 154, Dallas Theological Seminary, Oct. -Dec. 1997) p. 449 [ 16 ]. http://www. searchgodsword. org/enc/isb/view. cgi? number=T5076; The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (provided by SearchGodsWord. org); accessed 09AUG11 [ 17 ]. Flowers, Miller, Robinson; Who’s Who in the Bible (Reader’s Digest, Pleasantville, NY. 1994) p. 230 [ 18 ]. Walters,Larry J. ; Reflections on Suffering from the Book of Job (Bibliotheca Sara 154, Dallas Theological Seminary, Oct. -Dec. 1997) p. 446 [ 19 ]. Ibid, p. 447