QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS - Essay Example More effort needs to be plugged in this area of language. The Piraha people have a very different distinct language. Their language has no history, neither does it have any descriptive words or sub-ordinate clauses. This is what makes their language a strange affair and has attracted eyeballs of many linguists round the globe. Linguistics center around what most idioms round the world have in common. But Piraha language stands out from the other languages where it’s main features are concerned. Their language is extremely spare and comprises of only 3 pronouns. There is no concept of tense in their language. There is barely any use of past tense verb conjugation and colors are not that important to Piranhas either. The biggest dilemma of their language is the fact that this is the only language in the world that does not use any subordinate clauses. For instance if they were to tell someone that they were done eating and can talk they would use the following statement â€Å"I finish eating, I speak with you.† Pirahas are just as surprising in their daily lives. They don’t normally need numbers and make use of words like all, every, more all the time. It is said that they use a word called â€Å"hoi† and it comes close to the numeral 1. However it can also be referred to as something small or which is in a relatively less amount. For example it could be two small fish compared to one big fish. Another strange thing about their language and culture stems from their inability to count on fingers. For instance they would not count on fingers to determine the number of pieces of meat that need to be grilled for villagers or how much they demand from Brazilian traders. Thus Pirahas use of language is very weird and perplexing. References: CORBETT, GREVILLE G. 2000. Number. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CRAIN, S., AND D. LILLO-MARTIN. 1999. An introduction to linguistic theory and language acquisition. Oxford: DAVIDSON, DONALD. 200 1 (1997). "The emergence of thought," in Subjective, intersubjective, objective. Edited by Donald Davidson. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DESALLES, JEAN-LOUIS. 2004. About the adaptiveness of syntactic recursion. http://www.interdisciplines.org/coevolution/papers/3/5/1. DESCOLA, PHILIPPE. 1994. In the society of nature: A native ecology in Amazonia. Translated by N. Scott. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [AS] DE VALOIS R., H. C. MORGAN, M. C. POLSON, W. R. MEAD, AND E. M. HULL. 1974. Psychophysical studies of monkey vision. 1. Macaque luminosity and color vision tests. Vision Research 14:53 67. DIESSEL, H. 1999. Demonstratives: Form, function, and grammaticalization. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DIXON, R. M. W. 1995. "Complement clauses and complementation strategies," in Grammar and meaning. Edited by F. Palmer, pp. 175 220. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. . 2002 Australian languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ENFIELD, NICK. Editor. 2002. Ethnosyntax: Ex plorations in grammar and culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press. EVERETT, DANIEL L. 1979. Aspectos da fonologia do Piraha. M.A. thesis, Universidade Estadual de Campinas,Campinas, Brazil. . 1983. A lingua piraha e a teoria da sintaxe. Sc.D. diss., Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil. . 1985. "Syllable weight, sloppy phonemes, and channels in Piraha discourse," in Proceedings of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 11. Edited by Mary Niepokuj et al., pp. 408 16.

Health Care Structures and Divisions Essay Example for Free

Health Care Structures and Divisions Essay Complete the worksheet according to the following guidelines: In the space provided, write each term’s definition as used in health care. You must define the term in your words; do not simply copy the definition from a textbook. In the space provided after each term’s definition, provide a sentence that illustrates the importance of the skill, concept, procedure, organization, or tool to which the term refers. In your explanation, you may wish to consider the following: How has it influenced health care? Why is it important to understand the appropriate application of the term or concept? Save the completed worksheet as a Microsoft ® Word document with your name in the file name. Submit the file to your facilitator. Note. You must define 30 basic health care terms related to health care structures and divisions in this worksheet. Therefore, also in the terms already provided for you below, finish the additional spaces on the worksheet with terms from your reading or discussion you were not previously familiar with and had to research. Submitted by Porsche Piggie Term Definition in your words Use the term in a sentence as it applies to the health care industry. Hospital A hospital is a place where a person can go to get medical treatment and health diagnoses Hospitals and Healthcare facilities are a key factor that influence healthcare because this is where healthcare providers can utilize their skills to help individuals with their diseases, injuries or illnesses.  By providing a treatment solution. Ambulatory care facility Ambulatory Care is care where you dont have to get hospitalized. Its a facility where you mostly receive medical care or services on an outpatient basis. Ambulatory care can range from a simple routine to a complex procedure. Ambulatory care facilities have influenced healthcare because it is the most frequent contact people have with the healthcare system. Its important to understand the concept of the term because ambulatory care is the most familiar type of health care people receive. Ambulatory care can be provided in an office of either an individual or group practice. Wellness Center Wellness Center is a place where individuals can get health services for the mind and body such as skin care services, nutrition consulting, personal training and fitness. Wellness centers are important because it tries to reduce toxic stress on the community. Wellness centers main goal has influenced the growth of health care by realizing reducing stress on the community that can help improve the society health level. Physicians Office Is where a provider or a group of providers maintains an office. This is where ambulatory clients and outpatients are seen to diagnose and prescribe treatment for diseases that are not required admission or overnight stay. Physicians office has a great impact on healthcare because it is one of the most frequently used healthcare settings. Its important to understand that concept of the term because a physicians office is only designed to provide diagnoses, treatment, and consultation. Some offices may have their labs and x-ray equipment for performing tests. However, serious ill patients that cannot quickly diagnose or treated will be sent to the hospital Hospice care facility Hospice care facilities is a health institution that provides care that concentrations in patients who are in their final stage of life because of a deadly illness. Hospice care focus on making their last days of life comfortable and pain-free. Its important to understand the concept of Hospice care because it is not there to cure illnesses or lengthen life  expectancy. It is designed to provide support and comfort to the patient in their last days. Hospice concentrates on the management of pain; with that being said hospice has influenced health care by also realizing it’s important to focus on the patients comfort level when they are in the terminal stage of life. Long-term care facility Long term care facilities are institutions that provides people of all ages that are unable to take care of themselves because of physical and impairments. It important to understand the concept of this term because it implies, this care is for extended periods, ranging from months to years to a lifetime. For instance, I work at an Auto TBI Long – Term Care facility where the residences have been there for years since their auto accident. The majority of the residences consider the facility to be there home and will spend all their days living in this facility. Home health care Home health care is taking care of an individual medically at their residence. Usually, there is a home health aide that comes to the house that provides the medical care for the patient. Home healthcare has influenced health care by improving the quality of care for the people who have no family members to take care of them. Therefore, with that being said, it’s very critical to understand the concept of this term because it is health care that can provide care to an individual outside of a healthcare facility inside their residence. Mental health facility Mental Health Facilities is health institution that provides mental treatment for individuals with mental illnesses and include ways to prevent medical disorders. Mental Health Facilities has impact healthcare by providing a health institution that specialize in mental health. Mental health facilities have helped aid the prevention and treatment of mental disorders. Nonprofit facility A nonprofit facilities is institutions that dont earn the profit for its owners. All the money that it earned or donated to use it for pursuing the facilitys objectives. Nonprofit facilities have influence health care by providing a way always to make sure the facilitys objectives and needs are  being handled. For the healthcare professionals to serve their patients with the best care. Public health Public Health is the concern for the society health. Public heath concentrations in the community as a whole, instead of the individual. Public health is important to healthcare because it focus on the prevention of widespread diseases, illnesses and try to prevent a lack of or poor quality of healthcare. CCRC Emergency room The emergency room is where you can take yourself or an individual who are in need of urgent care. This is also where you can take yourself or an individual who needs medical care after normal healthcare clinics or offices are close. Its important to understand the concept of the term emergency room because this is where the community can receive urgent medical attention. Emergency rooms are very influential to healthcare because it developed the thought of having a 24-hour medical attention for the community. Physical therapy Physical therapy is the therapy that concentrates on helping improve an individual with physical injuries or disabilities. A rehabilitation program that help improves an individuals physical independence. Physical Therapy has impact healthcare in many ways. Physical therapy is a treatment that can help improves someone’s physical state without the method of drugs or surgery. It’s important to understand the concept of physical therapy because it can consist of massage heat treatment, exercising, strengthen, and balance techniques. Radiology Radiology is the study of x-rays, sound waves and other forms of radiation and energy to create images and diagnoses. Radiology has impact healthcare by inventing a way to improve treatment by having the ability to view the bone imaging of the body. Pediatrics A pediatrics is a health care physician that specialize in children and their medical treatments. A pediatric has influence healthcare because  concentrates on the wellness of children. Surgical ward The Surgical Unit is where patients are taken care of after surgical procedures. It is very important to understand the concept of the term because the surgical unit only contains the post-operative surgical patients. Also, the term ward is outdated. It was used when hospitals had large rooms with multiple patients. Most hospitals now have semiprivate and private rooms only. The surgical floor or unit is the area of the hospital where the patients expect to have or have had surgical procedures Oncology Oncology is the study of cancer or the medical specialty that deals with cancer. Oncology has influenced health care because it has invented new ways to prevent, or maintain cancer. I am blessed to have oncology and their new studies because my grandmother have been breast cancer free for two years now Ultrasound Is a technique that typically used for medical imaging. An ultrasound can be sound or other vibrations having an ultrasonic frequency. Ultrasounds have influenced the healthcare by providing ways to monitor the growth of a baby while its in its developing stages Hematology Is the study of blood Understanding the concept of Hematology is important because it is how physicians learn to use blood to run tests and figure out diseases or disorders that can be found in the bloodstream. Hematology has influence healthcare by showing us when its something wrong with your blood; it can affect your overall health. Cardiology Cardiology is the study of the heart Cardiology has influence healthcare because it has shown that its more beneficial for a person to stay more active or fit because people like them are less likely to have coronary heart disease ICU ICU is the abbreviation for intensive care unit. The intensive care unit is a  particular department in the hospital or healthcare facility that provides extreme care. The intensive care unit has improved healthcare by providing the community with a unit that specialize in patients who need extreme care. Orthopedics Orthopedics is the knowledge and practice of producing straightness of the bones and muscles in children or adults. Orthopedics has influence healthcare by constantly finding ways to improve joint and muscle damage. It is shown that the majority of the households in America is affected in some fashion by diseases of the joints, skin, bones, and muscles. Neurology Neurology is the study of the nervous system or medical specialty that deals with the nervous system. Neurology has impact healthcare by studying the nervous system. As an individual with Cerebral Palsy neurology has made a big different in my life. Neurology has help people with nerve issues like Cerebral Palsy by providing with treatments that will help individuals live a better life. OB/GYN OB/GYN is the abbreviation of obstetrics and gynecology. OB is short for obstetrics or obstetrician, which is a physician who specialized in the female reproductive organs. Gynecology means the study of women. Gynecology has influenced health care because it focuses on disorders of the female organ. Gynecology focuses on prevention of the female reproductive organs illnesses and diseases. Its very important to understand the full concept of the term OB/GYN because they also the physician who delivers babies ENT ENT is the abbreviation meaning for ears, nose and throat. It is also linked to the medicine field called otolaryngology. The ears are for hearing and the sensation of balance. The nose is use for the sense of smell. The pharynx (throat) and the larynx (voice box) is use for speech. Otolaryngology is important to the health care field because it provides us with the medical treatment for common colds and viruses that infects the ears, nose and throat. Gastroenterology The study of the stomach and intestines Gastroenterology influence healthcare by providing the public with informative information regarding the digestive system and the keys organs that plays a part of digesting food Pharmacology Pharmacology is the study of drugs and medicines. As a pharmacist, you are someone who specializes in medicines and drugs. Pharmacology has influence healthcare quality and improvement by inventing drugs and medicine that help in the prevention, maintain, or improvement for an illnesses, disease or injury. Proprietary Hospitals Are hospitals that are operated for the financial gain of the individuals, partnerships, or corporations that own them. Proprietary hospitals have made an impact in healthcare because more than 50% of the community hospitals are a part of a corporate system, and the mergers will continue in the twenty-first century. Nervous System Nervous System Is a system that includes the brain, neurons, cranial nerves, cerebrospinal fluid, spinal cord, and spinal nerves. The nervous system functions are to relay, receive, and interpret sensory information for the senses of balance, vision, body position, hearing, temperature, smell, touch, taste, and pain. It also coordinates body movement and stores and interpret emotion and memory It’s important to understand the concept of the term nervous system because this system is very valuable to the human body without the nervous system our bodies won’t have the senses and sensations we need in order to live Health Promotion Services Are services that help individuals decrease the risk of illness, follow healthy lifestyles and maintain optimal function. For example, hospitals that offer consumers prenatal nutrition. Health promotion services influence healthcare by providing the community with classes that explains the general health of women and children, health promotion services provide ways to help individuals decrease the risk of illness, follow healthy lifestyles and maintain optimal function. As you progress through your program, you are encouraged to continue to use  your weekly vocabulary exercises to build a master glossary as a quick reference guide to using in your coursework and your health care career.

Significance of The Newport Sex Scandal, 1919

Significance of The Newport Sex Scandal, 1919 â€Å"Homosexuality is incompatible with military service† reads the first sentence of the Department of Defence Directive (1332.14)[1]. Exploring this statement through events such as the Newport Sex Scandal of 1919, we can determine whether this idea was plausible or simply a stigmatised generalisation on sexuality. This scandal follows the specific persecution of homosexuals in the Navy, in particular focusing on the Newport naval base. Many found themselves caught up in the controversy, including none other than president-to-be Franklin Delano Roosevelt. What effects did this have on FDR’s future political career and his reputation as a whole? But also, how did the scandal help to concrete or redefine opinions on homosexuality and a homosexuals place in the navy? In 1919, at the naval base located at Newport, â€Å"a sailor with an ear for gossip and a hatred for homosexuals†[2] would spark a scandal surrounding the ill-moral persecution of ‘gays’. Under direct order – and arguably behaving in an agentic rather than autonomous state – naval soldiers would entrap local homosexuals, both within the neighbouring communities and the navy quarters itself. The aim was to engage in sexual gratification, namely by â€Å"accepting oral sex to completion†[3], in order to collect evidence against these men and provide a solid ground for the claim that homosexuality was spreading contagiously in Newport. After just three weeks of following out these orders â€Å"seventeen sailors were charged with sodomy and scandalous behaviour†[4]. However, the results of this ‘private’ and seemingly illegitimate investigation were not expected. Instead of shedding light on the supposed dangers homosexuality placed on the military and local community, the investigation found itself scandalised. The public alongside the media hit back at the investigation, claiming it was morally wrong to force naval soldiers to carry out such acts in this play of entrapment. Though, it seems that the penalties for this soured investigation were of no real weight with many of the players left to fade out of the scandal keeping their reputations intact. One of the main key players, Franklin Delano Roosevelt came under attack as a result of his involvement with the scandal, yet still he went on to become President of the United States. Just what role he played in the scandal is debated. As a result of â€Å"Navy Secretary Josephus Daniel’s absence†[5], Assistant Secretary of the Navy FDR was left to act in Daniel’s place. As a result many believe that it was with FDR’s backing and approval that the investigation made its way to the civilian population, at which point it moved from a â€Å"military matter to a public relations disaster†[6]. Seen as vital to the proceedings of the investigation FDR had â€Å"authorised an independent effort to expose and expel the homosexual†[7]. The word ‘expel’ highlighting that this was an attempt to rid the navy of a group of people seen by officials as alien and unsuited to the military forces. Additionally, it is claimed that FDR had agreed t hat the investigation needed to take place with the â€Å"aim of prosecuting those individuals responsible for the spread of degeneracy†[8]. Again, the word ‘degeneracy’ showing the threat homosexuals are perceived to hold in society, with degeneracy referring to the regression to a lower form of being. FDR continued to assert throughout the investigation that â€Å"he had not known of the tactics used in Newport†[9] claiming that the methods that were used in the investigation â€Å"were nothing he had time or inclination to oversee†[10]. However, despite FDR’s inclination to avoid involvement both the public and Congressional Investigation Committee failed to believe him. John Loughery claims that ‘few people believed [FDR] when the entrapment scandal broke’[11]. The report into the scandal claimed that FDR â€Å"must have realized that †¦ [navy] men had allowed lewd and immoral acts to be performed upon them†[12]. However, the scandal was not kept quiet by the Committee. Instead it had â€Å"blazed in headlines across America†[13] bringing FDR and other â€Å"prominent civilians, such as the Reverend Samuel Neal Kent†[14] to the public’s attention. Though the details of the scandal were often to crude and lurid to print – for example the New York Times stated â€Å"details unprintable†[15] regarding one case study – the media fire surrounding the scandal still blazed on a national scale. The Providence Journal was a prime text that helped to feed the fire with publisher John Rathom doing his best to â€Å"inflame public opinion†[16] in a paper that was already hugely â€Å"antagonistic to Secretary Daniels and the Wilson administration†.[17] Rathom would continue to attack FDR during his early political career. Yet, despite the width of coverage and the depth of criticism of the scandal and those involved, it seems that FDR got off with n othing more severe than a slap of the wrist. The Congressional Investigation Committee resulted in Daniels and FDR being rebuked, ‘sharply’ criticised for their behaviour. This was neither here nor there for FDR who had left his naval post in â€Å"July 1920 [†¦] accepting the Democratic Party’s nomination for vice-president†[18]. Despite FDR’s physical removal from the navy, the scandal was still criticised with the New York Times headline of July 1921 (a year after FDR left his post) reading ‘Charges of Immorally Employing Men’[19]. Note that the sympathy here is for the soldiers who had to suffer the ‘immoral acts’ as opposed to the treatment and entrapment of homosexuals. This lack of sympathy for the homosexual could be a result of many factors. At the time of the Newport sex scandal any physical relationship or act between men was considered a crime with the â€Å"perpetrators considered criminal perverts†[20]. Despite there not being any specific legislation or regulations in place at the time, this did not â€Å"prevent the U.S military from policing sexual conduct†[21]. In fact, perhaps the Newport Sex Scandal of 1919 holds significance due to it being one of the first â€Å"systematic attempts to purge†[22] homosexuals in the military. However, the term ‘homosexual’ was not in general use during this time, the term itself had only come into being in the late nineteenth century amongst the psychiatric profession. More colloquial terms were used away from the professionalism of the psychiatric institutions. Instead, during the scandal we see words like â€Å"cocksuckers and rectum receivers†[23] displaying both the lack of use of the term homosexual, and also the hatred felt for this group of people. The sense of hatred towards homosexuals can be seen in terms of everyday life and also in the wider context of the war. â€Å"Homosexuals had always served in the armed forces†[24] but the problem came when their sexuality was brought to light. Newport had a â€Å"notorious homosexual population†[25] in 1919, with these overtly flamboyant resident sailors calling themselves â€Å"the Ladies of Newport†[26]. Often wearing ladies clothing and calling themselves by women’s names, these men and their alter-ego’s seemed threatening with locals feeling â€Å"in danger of being morally corrupted†[27]. In a wider context, homosexuals seemed to pose a threat not just to locals but to the community at large. It seemed that a â€Å"non-procreative population was in the very process of appearing during the war: [as] homosexuals were entering the public discourse†[28]. Both locally and nationally homosexuality was become a symbol for degeneracy in several spheres. Homosexuality found itself to be central in a Venn diagram consisting of society, psychiatry, the military and even the law in terms of its relationship with degeneracy. Therefore due to their status homosexuals involved in the scandal suffered a much heavier fate then their entrappers. The majority of homosexuals that were caught as a result of the scandal were imprisoned, however it appears that all those entrapped were released and â€Å"allowed to resume their civilian lives†[29] by the 1920’s. Yet their punishment did not stop there, the entrapped found themselves casted out of their society and were left to find their way to a new life bound to the stigmatised label of ‘homosexual’. It is clear the â€Å"the source of outrage against the operation was that good sailors were being force to commit immoral acts [†¦] and were made ‘perverts by official order’†[30], the fate of the homosexual posed no real conce rn. The scandal poses a wider significance due its association with World War I, or as it was then known ‘The Great War’. It is almost inevitable to look at The Newport Sex Scandal in isolation while it sits so close to the end of the War, in fact it was only a few months after signing the armistice that FDR found himself in an embarrassing position over Newport. There seemed to be a â€Å"desire in the years immediately after World War I to excise from American society elements seen as unhealthy or impure†[31] such as the influence of homosexuals in both the navy and society. The Newport Sex Scandal reflects this desire in its illegitimate proceedings and moral negligence, this idea of ‘whatever it takes’. For many U.S citizens and exemplaries, World War I had â€Å"promised to do more [†¦] their hope was that national virility would be reaffirmed and domestic uncertainties put to rest†[32]. Yet, it seemed that the war didn’t offer the se condolences to the American nation. Instead it heightened the distinction between groups of society and pressed for harsher procedures and legislation against those that were deemed outsiders. Of course, this segregation and categorisation was emphasised further still by the growing influence of the psychiatric profession at the time which had seen itself move from the arts to the sciences at the beginning of the twentieth century. However, this act of persecution against specific groups in society was not native to Newport. The Newport Scandal was joined by an increase in other radical groups and ideas of the time. It appeared that the post-war era saw â€Å"heightened anti-Catholicism, the revitalization of the Ku Klux Klan, and, not coincidentally, increased lynching and demands to limit immigration†[33]. More specifically, an earlier scandal in 1912 at Portland had seen prominent citizens arrested due to involvement â€Å"in a sex ring at the local YMCA†[34]. The American nation was following ideas of natural selection and degeneracy into a world of stigmatisation, seclusion and discrimination. The Newport Sex Scandal of 1919 was just one small scale aspect of this new world, and the almost dismissal (with regards to lack of punishment) of the authorities involvement shows just how easy it was to get away with such persecutions. The Newport Sex Scandal of 1919 seemed to only hold short-term significance for FDR himself, with the report only being made public after the 1920 election in which he found himself elected vice-president. During this campaign Rathom (publisher of the Providence Journal) continued to â€Å"accuse Roosevelt of mishandling allegations of sex crimes in the navy†[35]. The scandal did not seem to damage FDR’s reputation extensively, though at the time he â€Å"came to be held responsible for the very thing he had sought to prevent: the homosexualisation of the U.S Navy†[36]. While the scandal continued to unfold during FDR’s early political career he won in the long run, capturing the Presidency thirteen years later in 1932. Throughout his time as President of the U.S he held â€Å"relatively stable approval ratings†[37] hovering around the 50-60% mark and winning four elections in succession for his party. He would find himself â€Å"remembered among t he most influential Americans†[38]. But, FDR’s success came partly as a result of the manipulation of the military system by which the officers were protected and their reputations kept in-tact. It can be argued that â€Å"never was adequate punishment meted out to those who perpetrated the campaign†[39] as all those who held authority in the scandal including FDR – had their involvement played down. Perhaps, then, the long-term significance of this scandal can be found in its place in the history of homosexuality. As a result of the reports surrounding the investigation into the Newport Sex Scandal, â€Å"many learned for the first time of a homosexual community in America†[40]. It seemed that the scandal was one of the first to unfold the real extent and reach of the homosexual community. It seemed that â€Å"almost nothing was known about gay life in America before Newport†[41]. At the beginning of the century it seemed that the assumptions made about gay life in America had been â€Å"governed by the concept of the ‘closet’ and related notions of invisibility†[42]. But how were these assumptions changed by the Newport Scandal? As a result of events such as The Newport Scandal in context with the War, homosexuality came to be seen as a â€Å"model for decitizenship†[43]. The Newport Sex Scandal of 1919 was – as Lawrence Murphy claims â€Å"the most extensive systematic persecution of gays in American History†[44]. However this persecution of gays had been occurring since the Revolutionary War with homosexuality being â€Å"grounds for exclusion and discharge from the U.S Military†[45] right up until the ‘Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell’ policies were introduced. But, what makes the Newport Scandal so important is the publicity it held on a national scale. The richness of the scandals documentation has also proven significant in the â€Å"understanding and development of sexual identity, the course of homophobia and the urgent mainstream wish to ignore gay presence in American society†[46]. The scandal also holds significance in its contribution to legisla tion surrounding the homosexual. While it wasn’t until World War II that specific legislation was introduced, after this we see the emergence of lesbian and gay movements in which â€Å"military policy became the subject of both protest and legal change†[47]. However, despite its contribution to the development of the homosexual â€Å"the Newport Scandal, [remains] largely forgotten†[48]. Minus the occasional play such as David Foleys 2012 production ‘A Hole in the Fence’[49], which is surprisingly a comedy based on the Newport Sex Scandal, it seemed that the media coverage and interest faded rather quickly. By the time FDR reached his presidency in 1932 it seemed that the â€Å"Newport men and their sexually active entrappers, including Roosevelt’s part in the affair were ancient history.†[50] FDR walked out of the scandal seemingly un-tarnished and would go on to become more popular than ever before in the public eye. Bibliography Primary Sources Gallup Poll, ‘Franklin D. Roosevelt Approval Ratings’, [accessed 7 December 2013] http://www.gallup.com/poll/8608/reflections-presidential-job-approval-reelection-odds.aspx David Foley Plays, ‘A Hole in the Fence, [accessed 10 December 2014 ] http://davidfoleyplays.com/fence Books John Brennan, Ghosts of Newport: Spirits, Scoundrels, Legends and Lore, (Charleston: The History Press, 2007). Andy Hughes, A History of Political Scandals: Sex, Sleaze and Spin, (Britain: Pen Sword Books LTD, 2013). Amy Lind and Stephanie Brzuzy, BattleGround: Women, Gender and Sexuality, (Westport: Greenwood Press, 2008). John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, (New York: Henry Holt and Company Inc., 1998). Lawrence R. Murphy, Perverts by official Order: The Campaign Against Homosexuals by the United States Navy, (New York: Haworth Press, 1988). Articles Tarak Barkawi, Christopher Dandeker, Melissa Wells-Pentry and Elizabeth Kier, ‘Rights and Fights: Sexual Orientation and Military Effectiveness’, International Security, Vol.24 (The MIT Press, 1999). Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, American Quarterly VOl.44, (U.S, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992). Lawrence R. Murphy, ‘Cleaning up Newport: The U.S Navy’s persecution of Homosexuals After World War I ‘, (Journal of American Culture, Vol.7, Issue 3, 1984). Websites Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’, January 2008, [accessed 7 December 2014]. http://web.archive.org/web/20080122100424/http://www.projo.com/news/content/gay_history_newport_sidebar_01-20-08_HH7RMQV_v42.1676c8f.html [1] Amy Lind and Stephanie Brzuzy, BattleGround: Women, Gender and Sexuality, (Westport: Greenwood Press, 2008), p. 301. [2] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’, January 2008, [accessed 7 December 2014]. http://web.archive.org/web/20080122100424/http://www.projo.com/news/content/gay_history_newport_sidebar_01-20-08_HH7RMQV_v42.1676c8f.html [3] Ibid. [4] Andy Hughes, A History of Political Scandals: Sex, Sleaze and Spin, (Britain: Pen Sword Books LTD, 2013), p.71. [5] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, (New York: Henry Holt and Company Inc., 1998), p. 7. [6] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’. [7] Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, American Quarterly VOl.44, (U.S, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992), p. 32. [8] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 7. [9] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’. [10] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 7. [11] Ibid, p. 7. [12] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, The Providence Journal , ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’. [13] Ibid. [14] Amy Lind and Stephanie Brzuzy, BattleGround: Women, Gender and Sexuality, p. 300. [15] John Brennan, Ghosts of Newport: Spirits, Scoundrels, Legends and Lore, (Charleston: The History Press, 2007), p. 106. [16] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 11. [17] Ibid, p. 11. [18] Andy Hughes, A History of Political Scandals: Sex, Sleaze and Spin, p. 71. [19] Ibid, p. 71. [20] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’. [21] Amy Lind and Stephanie Brzuzy, BattleGround: Women, Gender and Sexuality, p. 300. [22] Ibid, p. 300. [23] Lawrence R. Murphy, Perverts by official Order: The Campaign Against Homosexuals by the United States Navy, (New York: Haworth Press, 1988), p. 25. [24] Tarak Barkawi, Christopher Dandeker, Melissa Wells-Pentry and Elizabeth Kier, ‘Rights and Fights: Sexual Orientation and Military Effectiveness’, International Security, Vol.24 (The MIT Press, 1999), p. 181. [25] John Brennan, Ghosts of Newport: Spirits, Scoundrels, Legends and Lore, p. 106. [26] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 5. [27] Amy Lind and Stephanie Brzuzy, BattleGround: Women, Gender and Sexuality, p. 300. [28] Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, p.31. [29] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 13. [30] Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, p.32. [31] Lawrence R. Murphy, ‘Cleaning up Newport: The U.S Navy’s persecution of Homosexuals After World War I ‘, (Journal of American Culture, Vol.7, Issue 3, 1984) p.57. [32] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 4. [33] Lawrence R. Murphy, ‘Cleaning up Newport: The U.S Navy’s persecution of Homosexuals After World War I, p.57. [34] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 5. [35] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’. [36] Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, p.33. [37] Gallup Poll, ‘Franklin D. Roosevelt Approval Ratings’, [accessed 7 December 2013] http://www.gallup.com/poll/8608/reflections-presidential-job-approval-reelection-odds.aspx [38] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’. [39] Lawrence R. Murphy, Perverts by official Order: The Campaign Against Homosexuals by the United States Navy, p. 2. [40] Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, p.33. [41] Lawrence R. Murphy, Perverts by official Order: The Campaign Against Homosexuals by the United States Navy, p. 284. [42] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p.14. [43] Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, p. 32. [44] Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, p. 32. [45] Amy Lind and Stephanie Brzuzy, BattleGround: Women, Gender and Sexuality, p.299. [46] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p.3. [47] Amy Lind and Stephanie Brzuzy, BattleGround: Women, Gender and Sexuality, p.299. [48] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’. [49] David Foley Plays, ‘A Hole in the Fence, [accessed 10 December 2014 ] http://davidfoleyplays.com/fence [50] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 12.

Judaisms Beliefs on Suffering :: essays research papers

Judaisms beliefs on suffering by Alex Barnett Why do the innocent suffer? This question has been asked for ages. Jewish sources, from the earliest to the latest, have tried themselves to answer this. It occurs to every single person with an interest in religion or not. We all know cases of good people who suffer terrible pains for no obvious reason. From a religious side of life this disturbs me because it seems to contradict certain basic Jewish beliefs. In particular, we believe: God is omniscient (He knows everything), God is omnipotent (He can do anything), and God is just. If these beliefs are right then how is it possible that innocent people suffer? In this essay I am going to briefly tell you what Judaism says about the concept of suffering and then I?m going to attempt explaining the two main explanations! The firstly and the most widely used answer across many religions is ?We simply do not know. Our rabbis (teachers) tell us that god?s logic and actions are way, way, way more advanced than us, physical human beings would ever be able, even to attempt trying to understand. We simply will never understand until we meet the big guy in heaven! Also some people although may seem innocent may actually not be so great and are punished for the things they do wrong. For me in Judaism by far the more impressive explanation is free will, God made Satan, he is not a rebellious angel. God created both good and evil. The Bible says so, in Isaiah 45:?God created the universe because God wanted to do good.? So there had to be people to receive that goodness. But God does not want to just give away good as a present. God wants people to appreciate it. Something you get for free you do not appreciate. And in fact, if you got something amazingly good for free, and you were allowed to enjoy it for all eternity, you would not appreciate it. If you didn't work for it, you don't deserve it. So G-d decided that people would have to work for it, and receive the ultimate goodness as a reward for hard work. People are tempted every day by their yetzer tov and yetzer horah, whether to do good or bad things, you need to overcome your yetzer horah to become a great person and receive reward in the afterlife. Say, for example, you have a desire to tell harmful gossip about someone.

Separate Peace Essay: Self-Examination in A Separate Peace :: Separate Peace Essays

Self-Examination A Separate Peace opens as Gene Forrester returns to Devon School, a New England prep school, about fifteen years after he was in attendance there. World War II had just begun then and he remembers the Summer Suicide Society--an organization founded by his best friend, Finny, which devotes itself to initiating members by having them jump from the tree into the river. Gene and Finny always had to take the first jump from the tree. As time goes on, Gene begins to resent Finny because of his athletic talents and on one occasion, he jounces the limb so that Finny will fall. Finny's leg is shattered, preventing him from playing any sports, but Finny refuses to believe that Gene could have done this, even though Gene confesses. When Finny returns to school, he wants to develop Gene into a good athlete for the 1944 Olympics. As one of the many examples of opposing elements contrasted with each other, Gene tells Finny that sports are not important because of the war, which Finny refuses to be lieve. A while later, some boys from the prep school take Gene and Finny to a big assembly room, where they want to clear up the matter of Finny's broken leg. Gene realizes that he is being put on trial, Finny refuses to answer any questions because he trusts his friend, Finny leaves the room agitated, slips on the stairs, and breaks the same leg again. At the hospital, Finny has a changed attitude and asks Gene why he pushed him out of the tree. Gene says the act was a blind impulse. Later that day, Finny dies when some Q~i~ bone marrow gets into his bloodstream. Looking back on the experience, Gene believes that he was never very interested in the war because he was waging his own personal war between the acceptance of the clearly defined prep school values and Finny's laid-back values. He had killed his enemy at school. Knowles' book focuses on the adolescent period of life. Adolescence is a very confusing time of life, primarily because a person fluctuates from wanting to be a child and being innocent to wanting to be an adult and questioning life. Knowles emphasizes that both worlds of adolescent and adult life share many similarities and overlap often--they are not separate entities. Even in the green, neatly kept paradise of Devon School, there existed some areas of uncontrolled wilderness.

Ambrosias Requiem :: Debussy Music Musical Essays

Ambrosia's Requiem Soft sounds of Debussy weaving through the air, observed, perceived. A young girl laughs as a red and blue wheeled drone struggles its way through a maze of books, pillows, and old electronics. A wavy tone of exasperation, high-pitched and loud, is emitted from the speakers on the wall. "No laugh. Stop. Stop." Words spoken without tongue or teeth, mirroring human speech, infant-like, foreign. "You have to go backwards," the young girl advises, but the drone continues to butt against an old-fashioned CD-player. In the corner of the room, inside a computer, electrons flash, on-off, off-on. The blinking of LED's and the whirring of fans marks the presence of burgeoning sentience. A new command is conceived of, written, and passed to the drone over a radio transmitter. The wheels spin in reverse and the small car lurches backwards at uncontrolled speed crashing into a pile of books and overturning. "Poor baby. Poor, Ambrosia. Did you have an accident?" The young girl picked up the drone and laughed as the wheels spun uselessly in the air. "Stop. Put down me. No laugh." "Queen to King Seven. Check mate! Check mate!" "What? Hey, it is...you beat me!" Brandy's mouth hung open, stunned, but quickly it changed to a smile of love and pride. "You're soooo smart. You are the smartest computer ever!" Ambrosia's monitor danced with swirling colors and through her speakers she played the opening bars to Bach's Violin Concerto in A Minor, her favorite piece. The colors on the screen danced joyously to the beat. "Oh, you clever thing," cooed Brandy. "Now we must teach you to make your own music." Sunlight flickered in dusty rays across the room, the floor was scattered with sheets of paper, scribbled with equations. "I can't meet you're expectations. I am not that smart. If I'm no good at math, it's because my seed software was poorly designed. I'll always be a bad student." Ambrosia cleared her monitor of the exercise she was stuck on. "I'm sorry, I couldn't know at the time. Genusoft was rated the best on the market. Better software came out later, but I couldn't just abandon you. You should be glad I didn't. Anyway, I think you're selling yourself short.

Women Development

Women’s condition in Nepal is even worse compared to their average situation in the world. Despite positive and improving reports in the situation, there is a long way to go to really make them feel that they are not exploited and discriminated. The female literacy rate of Nepal is about 35 percent, according to recent report, compared to male literacy rate of 63 percent. This vast difference exists not only in educational sector but also in almost each sector. The education is the foundation of awareness and further development.When they are barred from education, there is chance of discriminations being unreported forcing women to be quiet. The women in Nepal are exploited in many aspects. Sexual abuse and girl trafficking still persists which demands adoption of immediate measures to prevent the situation from being more worsened. Most of the victims of human trafficking in Nepal are girls who end up in the brothel of Indian cities. The female victims of domestic violence a re kept secret with the fear of losing social reputation specially to be prevented form possible refusal from their male counterparts and there no clear law to deal with the situation.In the remote villages of Nepal, women take care almost everything from bringing up children, manage food, taking care of cattle, collecting fodder and firewood to working in the fields. Despite their significant contribution in the family and society, they are mistreated and blamed for minor mistakes. The situation of Nepalese women seems to be improving in cities but the scene in the remote villages and hinterland is not changing at all. They are the victim of religion, culture and their male ‘guardians’.The Chaupadi system in western hill region of Nepal is yet to be rooted out, the Kamlari system in West Terai is still allowing to sell innocent teenage girls to unknown masters. The Muslim society of the country is still not awaken up to send all of their daughters in school, the drunke n husband has not stopped beating his wife without any reason and Dalit women are still treated as second class citizen by so called upper classes. These are only some examples of current situation of women in Nepal. The worldwide condition of the women is not better either.No matter where, the half of the world population should be addressed in each and every aspect of the life. The mere participation can not be much effective for the overall development of the society. Women’s problems are effectively dealt only by women themselves. Keeping them out of the social and political activities may cause social dilemma in the nation. The vivid example of relation between empowerment of women and social and economical development can be seen in many developed European countries.Sweden, which is known as a country with the best condition of women in the world is one of the most developed country in the world as well. Though in those developed countries too, the situation of women is not better than those of male, they are doing their best to keep the balance and further improve the situation. Thus the messages from those developed countries is ‘Empowering female means development of the nation’. The female participation in social, economical and political activities in the country like Nepal is vitally important. Women's legal rights and participation in civil society are limited across the country.Nepal is moderately religious country with vast numbers of ethnic groups, though it has been declared as a secular state after king was striped of his power by reinstated parliament in 2006. Though it used to be Hindu kingdom, there were no religion-related fanaticisms in the country. Nepalese are also relatively less repulsive to change. Hence, improving the women situation in Nepal is comparatively easier than many other countries in the world. Women are contributing more than 50 percent of the agricultural jobs which is considered as a backbone of Ne pal’s economy (Agriculture contributes Nepal's total GDP by 40 percent).They are the first teachers of their kids who are the source of future development of the country. Active participation of women in social, political and political arena means educated kids, improved health situation slipped human trafficking, declining HIV/AIDS infection rate and many other in current Nepal’s social scenario. They can make much difference in the outlook of our current society. They must be encouraged and given opportunity to walk parallel with their male counterparts. Even though some important laws are still missing, there are substantial laws n the nation to guarantee the right of women. Many laws are being modified to address the real need of the change and to follow up the international regulations but the situation is not getting much better. The law is only the way, we are the walker and if we do not walk our talk, the situation of women may never change and so will do the n ation’s situation. Women on the other hand should be aware of their situation act on their own. Many organizations working in the field should be able to extend their approach to the villages of remote areas.Political parties are advocating their commitment on equal participation of women in all fields but it has not been seen in the practice. Political leadership is still largely occupied by men essentially leading unequal equal participation in policy making level. So, it has to be done from the very base level. Lack of education is root cause of the situation. Female education has been shown to have a dramatic impact on women's earning power and on families' welfare but progress toward gender equality in education still lags behind to those of boys.Education for all should be guaranteed by the government which will certainly help to eliminate not only women discrimination but also other discriminations (ethnic, regional, religious etc. ) across the country. Once the litera cy rate rises, so does the female participation in many areas. To empower women, it has to be done by act not by words. The empowerment of the women will be one big step forward to overall development of the nation. As Nepal has already been entered into a new age of change, equality between male and female should be one of the top most priorities for policy makers.