Contemporary challenges facing nurses in the provision for older Essay

Contemporary challenges facing nurses in the provision for older adults in Australia - Essay Example These findings identify a concern that the care delivery system has moved away from a patient-centred model of care towards one that focuses increasingly less on the patient and more on the needs of the system. The reality that health care organisations in Australia are not always delivering health care to elder patients and their families that emphasises their individual needs, desires and circumstances represents contemporary challenge for healthcare professionals and nursing personnel. The health care delivery method known as â€Å"patient-centred care† is now recognised as the mechanism most likely to improve quality of care and the health status of elder patients. This quality focus on the delivery of patient-centred care recognises the contribution of patient and family experiences in care delivery processes (Epstein et al, 2005). This approach includes an appreciation of interpersonal processes or the relationship development aspects of care as essential and pivotal requirements for the delivery of high quality health care. This particular â€Å"patient-centred† perspective for care delivery has become the leading policy directive for improving quality (Davis, Schoenba um & Audet, 2005). At the point of service and service delivery, nurses are uniquely positioned to deliver patient-centred care for Australia ageing population. Although no single definition of patient-centred care is commonly acknowledged, typical dimensions of patient-centred care include health care activities that encompass the qualities of caring, compassion, and responsiveness to the needs of the individual human (Healthissuescentre, 2010). Effective patient-centred care has been shown to be influenced by organisational factors such as characteristics of the work environment and nurses’ job satisfaction. In studies comparing patient-centred care

Using Argument and Persuasion in Writng Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Using Argument and Persuasion in Writng - Essay Example Even though this story was only the figment of writer Caspian Tredwell-Owens imagination. It is not something that is too far from the reality that we currently face in the fight to prevent the cloning of human beings. The proponents of Human Cloning do so in the name of science. Their stand being that by cloning humans, we will gain the much needed medical advantage and understanding of illnesses and easily be able to avert, cure, or create person specific vaccines for the recipients of Human Cloning technology. Although these supporters have sound and valid arguments, they fail to see that Human Clones are just as their name implies, human beings. Even though they are the final product of a highly complicated medical science, it does not erase the fact that these people shall, in the future, be born into this world as innocents. They will experience life and live their lives until some doctor tells them they can no longer live because their body parts are now needed. In other words, Human cloning turns their creators, the doctors and clone nurturers into gods. Having the power to give and take a life at their own convenience and hide the murder of another human being behind the cloak of medical science and technological advancement. Man was not created in a manner that he can be allowed by natural forces to live forever. Our bodies were not designed to be like car parts that can be replaced once it is worn down. Transplant technology is one thing. Such a technology is governed by rules and often comes from donors who are no longer part of this world. Such an argument cannot be used in support of human cloning. It is one thing to take a perfectly good body part from a person whom you know no longer has any use for it and another to harvest a body part from an exact genetic replica of a person in order to save his life. Think about it. What good is it to save the life of one if it means that another must die in order

General Overview of United Utilities Group Plc Term Paper

General Overview of United Utilities Group Plc - Term Paper Example By doing this, the company helps in the smooth flow of about 7 million people as well as 200,000 businesses in the North West and it does this by the provision of fresh and clean water on a daily basis. The company also takes away and treats the North West waste water which then helps in keeping the beaches and rivers quite clean. The company plans to finance its operations using debt securities instead of conventional bonds. This plan matches the market trends as the market, or the sector across the globe has been opting for the issuance of conventional debts due to the low interest rates attracted by bonds. Bonds usually pay a fixed income and the issuance of bonds in the utilities sector in the United Kingdom only account for half of the total funds raised in the equity capital markets. Firms in this sector just like the United Utilities Group Plc are opting for the issuance of debt securities even though it has high risks of threatening the market viability. Data also showed that only 8.7% of the funds raised were through equity capital markets while the remaining portion being raised through the use of debt securities. ... b. General Overview of the issued debt Debt security is an instrument which can be sold or bought between two different parties and include corporate bonds, collateralized securities, preferred stock and zero-coupon securities (Fabozzi et.al 2003). The interest rate on a debt security is usually determined by the borrower’s repayment ability. Debts securities are quite safer than equity securities as the principal amount is usually returned to the lender upon the maturity of the security. This is what United Utilities Group Plc plans to use as it mode of raising finance. 2. Evaluation using the Annual Financial Reports and accounts a. The position of the company to issue debt securities The annual profits for the company have decreased from ?909.20 million in March 2008 to ? 316.5 million in March 2012. Its EBITDA has been fluctuating over the period with an increase only being recorded on March 2009 after which the company recorded a continued decline. The company has also re corded a decrease in its Free Cash Flows for the Firm (FCFF) from ? 562.7 million in 2011 to ?559.8 million in 2012. The company borrowed ?215 million during the 2012 financial year in order to offset the dividends of ?209 million. Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE) is low for the firm as the firm’s equity is higher than the free cash flow. From the March 2012 annual statement, it is quite evident that the company has made maximum use of debt securities as it net debt is quite higher than the one recorded during the previous year which then reflects the additional borrowing done by the company as a way of funding its capital investment programmes. The gearing ratios for the company are also quite

Management economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Management economics - Assignment Example They want to exploit public goods (Francis). Without competition, producers can gouge consumers. With competition, consumers will choose the best option. They will choose the company that pollutes the least, or charges the least, or pays their workers the best. Workers will similarly choose the company with the best wages and benefits. When you have competition, you generally have cheaper products, better wages, better quality, and less externality and abuse of public goods. This means that, by definition, an oligopolistic market structure is a market failure Why is competition good? Adam Smith, in his seminal Wealth of Nations, argued that markets reach a so-called â€Å"harmony of interests† only when they are fully competitive (Francis). A â€Å"harmony of interest† is a situation where an individuals self-interest and the pursuit thereof also benefits society. It is also called pareto optimal. But competition has a strict definition and so is never perfectly achieved. The market must be composed of a great many buyers and sellers, almost as many as there are dollars flowing through the market, with only infinitesimal islands interrupting the free market sea. These buyers and sellers must produce and consume, respectively, only a tiny portion of the goods available. This way, no one buyer or seller can control supply and demand. Further, all the goods flowing through the market must be functionally the same. And there has to be no or extremely low barriers to exit and entry on the part of both consumers and producers. An oligopolistic market is one where a collection of large firms own a lot of the market of the market (Lecture Slides 7-9). Different markets and different economic theories mandate different amounts of coordination between the firms and different amounts of market share shared between the firms, but the general idea is the same. A bunch of companies work together, but not quite the same as a cartel. They can agree to lower

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 110

Discussion - Essay Example It will be vital to mention in this regards that corporate culture impose positive as well as negative impacts on organisational change. Concerning the positive aspects, the impact can be felt in explicitly comprehending the business procedure. Conversely, concerning the negative aspects, the impact can be apparently observed in the form of inappropriate allocation of valuable resources (Nadler, 1998). The various elements of organisational change that commonly encompass structure, processes and systems, are used in a change initiatives for clarifying what changes are required to be made, rewarding business or operational systems as well as supporting the same and appropriately utilising the available resources (Nadler, 1998). Apart from these, as per the observations made by Nadler (1998), the above-identified elements are predominantly used in the context of change initiative with the intention of mitigating risks that emerge while incorporating changes and applying innovative technological advancements accordingly. As apparently noted, the elements of structure, processes and systems are used in a change initiative by the modern organisations for obtaining several benefits. These benefits principally comprise improving profitability along with productivity and most significantly, making important decisions within the stipulated time (Nadler,

What Role does Bundle Sheaths Play in C4 Plants Essay

What Role does Bundle Sheaths Play in C4 Plants - Essay Example Bundle sheath cells are the major site of refixation of the CO2 and C4 acid decarboxylation. The mesophyll cells also concentrate the CO2 and send it to the bundle sheath cells. NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK) are expressed in the bundle sheath cells of the C4 plants. They are the major enzymes responsible for the refixation of the CO2 from the C4 acid. (Nomura et al. 2005). In C4 leaves, each vein is surrounded by a ring of the bundle sheath cells surrounded again by the mesophyll cells. These bundle sheaths have the chloroplasts arranged centrifugally with the large starch granules and unstacked thylakoid membranes. In the bundle sheath cells ribulose-1,5-bis-phosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) enzyme accumulates extensively. The specific enzyme activity can be easily determined by using the non aqueous fractionation techniques and pulse labeling techniques. (Majeran et al. 2005).

Employment law 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Employment law 5 - Essay Example minating potential employees especially with the belief that those involved in unions has a better and strong voice when it comes to airing their grievances. Moreover, it shows that the employer does not respect the employment law at all cost. The Labor Management Relations (Taft -Hartley) Act of 1947 dictates that employees should be allowed to join labor organizations with a collective bargain. Moreover, it does not permit the employers and unions from involving themselves in specific labor practices that are unfair hence, ensures and pursued employers and unions in engaging in collective bargaining, in good faith. In essence, the employers are proscribed from intimidating, coercing or even firing employees for exercising their rights to form unions or even become members of various unions especially when hiring them (Goldman, and Corrada 74). State â€Å"sunshine† laws require the release of all documents relating to state business. Are employees’ personal emails subject to public disclosure? Or do state employees retain privacy in personal emails? Although the sunshine laws of the United States dictate that all documents relating to state business should be released. Employee’ personal emails are not subject to public disclosure not unless the emails are related to a criminal offence that should only be handled by the Law enforcement act. In essence, Goldman, and Corrada 87 argues that, the federal and state law does not allow employers to ask or compel the employees to give details that are not related to work or state business. This is seen as a way of intimidation or intrusion of private life. Hence, state employees’ have a right to retain privacy in personal emails away from their state business a fact that has been echoed by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 all based in the United States of